RECOGNITION AND ASSESSMENT | DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
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Recognizing Tardive Dyskinesia: An Interactive Video Glossary
Use this video glossary to explore real patient examples of tardive dyskinesia (TD), organized by body region and symptom presentation. Compare movement patterns across different areas of the body to build confidence in recognizing TD.
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Bringing Tardive Dyskinesia Frontline
Navigate an interactive overview of current best practices for the identification and management of tardive dyskinesia. Review key recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and treatment along with practical guidance to support evidence-based care.
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aFor the clinical diagnosis of TD, the offending agent must have been used for ≥3 months (or ≥1 month in individuals ≥60 years of age) and the movements must have been present for
≥4 weeks.2
bDIP often appears 2 to 4 weeks after initiating or increasing the dose of a DRBA, usually by 3 months.2
cRepetitive chewing movement, sometimes with lip smacking, pouting,
opening/closing of the mouth, or tongue protrusion.8
dTypically manifested by repetitive rocking and swaying body movements.9
eTypically repetitive, stereotypic movements in the
distal limbs (e.g., repetitive foot tapping, “piano-playing” finger and toe movements, and hand rubbing).8,9
fDRBA discontinuation or reduction can initially trigger or exacerbate TD that had been masked by DRBA treatment.10
gIncreasing the DRBA dose may diminish the chances of
recovery from TD.10,11
ACh, acetylcholine; AP, antipsychotic; APA, American Psychiatric Association; D2, dopamine receptor subtype D2; DIMD, drug-induced movement disorder; DIP, drug-induced
parkinsonism; DRBA, dopamine receptor–blocking agent; TD, tardive dyskinesia; VMAT2, vesicular monoamine transporter 2.
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1. Ward KM, Citrome L. Neurol Ther. 2018;7(2):233-248.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
3. Gerlach J, et al. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988;77(4):369-378.
4. Boumans
CE, et al. Schizophr Bull. 1994;20(2):339-344.
5. Caroff SN, Campbell EC. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2016;39(3):391-411.
6. Ballesteros J, et
al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000;20(2):188-194.
7. Shin HW, Chung SJ. J Clin Neurol. 2012;8(1):15-21.
8. Savitt D, Jankovic J. J Neurol Sci.
2018;389:35-42.
9. Waln O, Jankovic J. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2013;3:tre-03-161-4138-1.
10. Hauser RA, et al. CNS Spectr.
2022;27(2):208-217.
11. Stahl SM. CNS Spectr. 2017;22(6):427-434.
12. Lester DB, et al. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010;16(3):137-162.
13. Stahl SM. Antipsychotic agents. Stahl’s Essential Pharmacology. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press; 2013:145-252.
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